Globally, revenue from digital banking products and services is estimated to grow to almost half of banks’ revenue over the next five years. Fintech and challenger banks often have an IT cost per user that is 10% that of traditional banks, according to the 2016 CIO Agenda: A Financial Services Perspective.
In South Africa, despite banks having invested heavily in IT, the expected efficiency and scale benefits have not been realised; with the cost-to-income ratios of the major banks stubbornly sitting at around 55% between 2013 and 2015.
There are many causes of this—including the cost to hire and retain scarce skills, slowing revenue growth, increasing spend on compliance and the cost to maintain expensive legacy technology platforms. But the underlying problem is a failure to respond to changing consumer behaviour.
What is important is understanding what needs to be done to address the interplay between digital and physical in the emerging digitised business and consumer world:
There has been no lack of investment in digital capabilities among the large banks in South Africa, for example:
The imperative is to move from building tools to enterprise transformation to impact profitability. This is similar to the lesson from Capitec’s customer-focused strategy, which resulted in product simplification, a stark contrast to the increasing product complexity displayed by the larger banks.
It starts with behavioural-based customer research, to identify more personalised strategies, to inform the design of the ecosystem and the enabling business capabilities. In Africa, mobile needs to be at the centre, given the growth in mobile penetration to over 80% and global growth of 25% in mobile broadband.
Banks have traditionally built their business capabilities themselves. The future for banks in a resource-limited environment such as Africa, is to identify which parts of the ecosystem they want to build and own, and which parts they want to rent. A good example of this exists in the micro-insurance sector with MTN Ghana, Hollard Insurance, MicroEnsure and MFS Africa collaborating on mi-Life, launched in Ghana in 2011.
From an IT perspective, this means building operating platforms and digital capabilities at the business-customer interface to support this ecosystem. It means moving from distinct applications to building open platforms that integrate internally and externally, with management of business processes separated from application logic, and integrated data management and analytics capabilities.
Traditionally, change is delivered through discrete projects, which need to compete for funding each year. This approach offers limited incentives to build digital products and services that deliver sustained benefits. Benefits are not usually measured because the project team has disbanded by the time these are realised. There is no time to optimise the architecture of the digital capabilities and the organisation becomes burdened with technical debt, accrued through the cost of support and maintenance teams.
Leaders of change must apply the concept of a product lifecycle to digital products and services, providing multi-year funding. This will enable teams to increase their productivity as they understand the domain and work together to deliver benefits and not simply digital capabilities.
The start is to focus on the team and not individual skills. This means moving away from managing pools of people (such as business analysts and software developers) and moving towards building multi-functional teams, where individual success is tied to team success and team success is tied to benefits realisation, rather than simply meeting artificial time and cost deadlines.
